Macau or Macao is a special administrative region of China. With a population of about 710,000 people and a land area of 32.9 km², it is the most densely populated region in the world. Formerly a Portuguese colony, the territory of Portuguese Macau was first leased to Portugal by the Ming dynasty as a trading post in 1557. Portugal paid an annual rent and administered the territory under Chinese sovereignty until 1887, when Portugal gained perpetual colonial rights with the signing of the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking. The colony remained under Portuguese rule until the 1999 handover to China. Macau is a special administrative region of China, which maintains separate governing and economic systems from those of mainland China under the principle of "one country, two systems". The unique blend of Portuguese and Chinese architecture in the city's historic centre has resulted in its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.
Sovereign state: China
Portuguese lease: 1557
Treaty of Peking: 1 December 1887
Handover of Macau: 20 December 1999
Largest parish by population: Nossa Senhora de Fátima
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