Medically reviewed by Erika Prouty, PharmD Epinephrine and norepinephrine are naturally made in the body, where they're best known for activating the fight-or-flight response to stress. They both ...

Propranolol and metoprolol are beta-blockers taking to treat certain heart conditions. Learn more about their similarities ...

Beta-blockers antagonize beta-1 and beta-2 receptors which are the usual targets of the sympathetic nervous system, including epinephrine and norepinephrine. This results in a decreased heart rate ...

Two major forms of diabetes exist, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is characterized ... Within islets, beta cells secrete insulin, and alpha cells secrete glucagon. Scientists have identified ...

“There are beta 1 receptors on the heart and beta 2 receptors on the lungs,” she says. “When it comes to the receptors on the heart, when beta blockers bind to these receptors, they’re ...