In computational complexity theory, P and NP are two classes of problems. P is the class of decision problems that a deterministic Turing machine can solve in polynomial time. In useful terms, any ...

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) provide a versatile framework for modelling complex decision-making tasks where a collection of variables must be allocated values that satisfy specific ...

They have a mathematical, analog “solver” that can potentially find the best solution to NP-hard problems. NP-hardness is a theory of computational complexity, with problems that are famous for their ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, we study the long-standing open question regarding the computational complexity of one of the core problems in supply chains ...

NP-complete problems, including optimal routing, scheduling and network design, are foundational to essential tasks across various industries. However, they actually pose challenges for conventional ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...