Rubies are formed of a mineral called corundum, comprised of aluminum oxide. The red color is caused by traces of chromium. Corundum also forms sapphire in many colors, which generally come from ...

Thin line sign of gem. Mineral outline pictogram isolated on white, violet transparent background. Vector Icon shape. Crystal simple symbol close-up corundum illustrations stock illustrations Crystal ...

Ruby and sapphire are varieties of the mineral corundum. - Courtesy Hamilton Jewelers Ruby is one variety of the corundum mineral species, which also includes sapphire. Ruby is highly regarded and can ...

Sapphire comes in a variety of colors. This rare 1,126.00-ct. corundum crystal’s pinkish orange color is called padparadscha, named after the lotus flower. - © GIA ...

Now, sapphires are predominantly made up of aluminum oxide in the form of corundum, but other elements can become mixed in. The deep blue hue that sapphires are known for comes from titanium and ...

The adsorption of aqueous ions onto natural mineral surfaces controls numerous mineral–water ... Al3+, Cr3+, and Mn2+, onto quartz (SiO2) and corundum (Al2O3) surfaces at pH 3.8 through the ...

Their protoliths are interpreted as troctolitic cumulates; however, the original mineral assemblages were almost completely transformed by subsolidus reactions. Mg–Al granulites contain the minerals ...