Fluid flow that is slow tends to be laminar. As it speeds up a transition occurs and it crinkles up into complicated, random turbulent flow. But even slow flow coming from a large orifice can be ...

There are two main types of fluid flow - laminar flow, in which the fluid flows smoothly in layers, and turbulent flow, which is characterised by chaotic motion and large amounts of mixing. In this ...

A typical challenge for re-entry vehicles during flight is an effective control of hypersonic transition and the laminar/turbulent state of the boundary ... wall while over a porous surface a laminar ...