Fluid flow that is slow tends to be laminar. As it speeds up a transition occurs and it crinkles up into complicated, random turbulent flow. But even slow flow coming from a large orifice can be ...

A typical challenge for re-entry vehicles during flight is an effective control of hypersonic transition and the laminar/turbulent state of the boundary ... wall while over a porous surface a laminar ...

Puff jams tend to "melt" at the critical transition point from laminar to turbulent flow, giving way to the special statistical behavior of the directed percolation transition. Goldenfeld ...