In my travels overseas, among the most pleasant surprises I have encountered, particularly in Europe, are the memorials or markers paying tribute to a Filipino, Jose Rizal.

Work has begun on exhuming the bodies of four men killed in the Spanish Civil War from the controversial Valley of the Fallen monument ... north of Spain's capital, Madrid.

monuments or shrines, coins, and stamps, among others." But in my opinion, whatever Rizal's concept of the nation might be, whether it be under Spain or independent from Spain, the main "culprit ...