Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in medicine. Their use, however, is often limited by associated renal toxic effects. The most common manifestation of these toxic effects is ...

The kidneys are responsible for maintaining the balance of acids, bases, fluids and electrolytes in the body, avoiding significant fluctuations that can lead to life-threatening conditions. Acid, base ...

Neutralisation is an exothermic reaction – one in which heat is given out. The maximum temperature is reached when the acid solution is completely neutralised by the alkali.

It is useful to know the colour of some compounds commonly reacted with acids to work out if a colour change has occurred.