Using distinct but overlapping business models, Amazon, Costco, and Walmart captured over half of recent growth in retailing, and are squeezing smaller rivals hard.

A well-planned layout is more than basic organization; it’s a tool for driving sales and building customer satisfaction.

Already, brands are combatting anticipated rises by switching up their loyalty programs. For example, American Eagle rolled out higher spending thresholds for its “Real Rewards” members in 2025. To ...