It travels from the cochlea, a spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear, to the brainstem as part of the eighth cranial nerve. The other part of cranial nerve VIII, called the vestibular nerve, helps ...

The nerves of the head and face—the cranial nerves—are unique in that they originate in the brain, while the rest of the body’s nerves come from the spinal cord. Each person has 12 cranial nerves, ...

The suggested diagnosis is Crouzon syndrome, a form of craniofacial dysostosis. This genetic disorder, caused by a mutation, results in the premature closure of cranial sutures and facial deformities.

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a complex disease with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. The presence of craniofacial dysmorphisms influencing the patency of the upper airway is considered ...

The number of LGR5-positive cells on fluorescently labelled tissue sections were determined using Cell Profiler 4.2.1—an open-source software (Stirling et al., 2021). At least four sections of ...

What are congenital head and neck masses? Congenital head and neck masses are lumps (cysts) in the neck, face, scalp or ear that are present at birth. Many of these should be removed to prevent ...