The colors of rubies and emeralds are so striking that they define shades of red and green—ruby red and emerald green. But ...

Both rubies and emeralds are minerals, which is a type of rock with a consistent chemical composition and a highly ordered ...

One feature of compounds made with transition metals is their intense colour. There are many examples in nature, including ...

Minerals such as Pezzotaite ... Rubies, like sapphires, are made of corundum. Rubies are colored red by chromium and are rarer than sapphires or diamonds. The word ruby comes from the Latin ...

This study provides detailed mining and gemological information on the Jegdalek deposit, in east-central Afghanistan, which is hosted by elongate beds of corundum-bearing marble. Some facet-grade ruby ...

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But the Mohs scale is deceptive. The steps between the minerals are not evenly spaced. For example, diamond is only one number away, but it’s many times harder than gems in the corundum family.

Scientists introduced atomic defects in spinel using cerium, and voilà! The gemstone became a solid qubit system.