Even though emeralds and rubies are very different colors, they both have the same secret ingredient in their atomic ...

Both rubies and emeralds are minerals, which is a type of rock with a consistent chemical composition and a highly ordered ...

One feature of compounds made with transition metals is their intense colour. There are many examples in nature, including ...

Courtesy Jan Goodman Co. Hardness and toughness Gem and mineral hardness is measured on the Mohs scale ... but it’s many times harder than gems in the corundum family. Corundum (ruby and sapphire) is ...

Mining activities and the integrated supply of goods and services to the resources sector.