Differential protection is best understood as a fault control philosophy rather than a component category. The relay itself is secondary to the scheme it enforces. Once a zone is defined, the system ...

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel concept of local synchronization of power systems devices based on the difference between the complex frequency of the voltage and current injected at terminals ...

Power systems today operate in an environment where reliability and safety must be maintained despite rising loads, expanding interconnections, and increasing dependence on distributed energy ...

Abstract: Integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) reshapes conventional power swing patterns, challenging the operation of legacy power swing protection schemes. This paper highlights the ...